Cheng

=**Welcome to your personal class wiki page. Only you should edit this wiki and no other page unless designated by Mr. Miller. It is very important that you follow this protocol. If you edit another student's page it will show in the history of that page and you will be penalized or reprimanded appropriately. This should be a fun activity and will be part of your grade. If you have any questions feel free to email Mr. Miller at any time.**=

=__**Parts of the Earth assignment**__=
 * 1) Nickel and Iron
 * 2) Crust
 * 3) Inner and Outer crust
 * 4) Plate tectonics
 * 5) Lithosphere which is formed from the rocky outer part of the the upper mantle and the crust.
 * 6) Divergent Boundary
 * 7) Boundary between the Pacific plates and the Australian plate and crossing New Zealand.
 * 8) Regions where portions of the earth's tectonic plates are diving beneath other plates, into the earth's interior and deep oceanic trenches, lines of volcanoes parallel to the trenches, and zones of large earthquakes that extendfrom the trenches landward.
 * 9) The oceanic crust because it is thin and hot at the mid-ocean ridges where plates are pulling apart from each other.
 * 10) A rift is form When two continental plates diverge. This rift is a dropped zone where the plates are pulling apart. As the crust widens and thins, valleys form in and around the area, as do volcanoes, which may become increasingly active.

=__What's in a Mineral?__= 1.Occur naturally. Be inorganic. Be a solid. Have an orderly internal structure with a definite pattern. Have a definite chemical composition.

2. Hardness <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crystal structure <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Optical properties

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">3. Cu(Co,Ni)2S4 Carrollite made of Copper, Cobalt and Nickel. CaCO3 Calcite made of Calcium, Carbon Oxide. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Clinochlore is made of Manganese, Aluminum, Silicon, Oxygen and Hydrogen.

=﻿__Life Cycle of Copper/BS4__=

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.- amount of useful are at the site. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- percent of metal in the ore. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- type of mining and processing needed to extract the metal from its ore. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- distance of the mine from metal refining facility and market. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- metal's supply-verse-demand status.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2. Copper ores: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- sulfides such as chalcocite, Cu2S <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- oxides such as cuprite, Cu2O <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- carbonates such as malachite, Cu2Co3(OH)2 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Reduction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-with copper metal(molten) then, molding casting, etc. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Uses: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Electrical 60% <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">- Nonelectrical 40% <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Recycled Copper: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-Supplies 21% of U.S. copper needs. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Finally: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">-Shattered throughout county: much remains in fairly permanent use, some discarded.

=__Building Skills__=


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Electrical: 60% of total use; motors, generators, power, distribution, communication, equipment, house wiring. Nonelectrical: 40% of total use; plumbing, roofing, coins, jewelry, pots, and pans, shell, casing, food preparation machinery, auto radiators.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A. the U.S. copper needs about 21% of supplies and it wouldn't change much, because with all the supplies falling short by 100,000lbs globally and the high demand for mined copper is high. B. Yes, because prevailing pieces of copper, nickel and zinc have caused the production costs of pennies and nickels to significantly exceed more.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">A. Bronze, brass, etc. in useful alloy formed. Reddish, shiny in color and luster. High in malleability and ductility. And it also a nonelectrical. B. Its a electrical. High in electrical conductivity. High in ductility. C. Its a electrical. High in electrical conductivity. High in thermal conductivity. High in ductility. D. its a electrical. High in electrical conductivity. High in thermal conductivity. High in ductility.


 * Anna - number three is about finding "technological alternatives". **

=﻿__B.2 Converting Copper__= <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.a) Physical. **<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(-2) - this was a chemical change ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">b) the color of the copper was dark silver and some was reddish. the odor was strong. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">2.a)The color change to a dark silver and the odor was strong. the copper size got small. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">b)No, because as it was heating, some of the copper atoms got in the air and when you <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">put it on the balance, the mass drop .05g because we started off at 1.03g and end it with .98g. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">3. a) The mass of the crucible went up .05g. because we started off with a gram of 12 and after the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">heating we have a gram of 12.05. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">b) I think the mass change, because of the heat from the burner. How, like some object you <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">burn, the mass can stay the same because the heat isn't affecting it, so much but some object <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">can change when you're burn because the heat is affecting it and making the object's mass, high than <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">what it was or lower than what it was. But the result of our lab should of increase, but it decrease. I'm not <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">should how, but i think it may cause by when i took the crucible off the burner and on to the balance <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">and may cause it or by the crystal structure has close packed planes and so that phase is more dense and <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">it cause a decrease. **<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">(Mass should not have decreased unless it fell out of the crucible.) **
 * ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Before === || ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Mass(g) === ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crucible || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">12g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Lid alone || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">8.20g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crucible+Lid || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">20.26g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copper mass before heating || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.03g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crucible+Copper || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">13.07g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crucible+lid+Copper || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">21.28g ||
 * ===**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">After **=== || ===<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Mass(g) === ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crucible+Copper+Lid || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">21.23g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Crucible+Copper || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">13.03g ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copper mass after heating || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">.98g ||
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Questions __**

=__B.3 Metal Reactivity__=

__Questions__

 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Describe what happens to the penny when it is placed in the sliver nitrate solution.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Describe how ions in solution play a role in chemical reactivity
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Explain, in detail, why this is happening,
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Define Oxidation.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Define Reduction.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Explain what happens to the copper atoms during the redox reaction.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Explain what happens to the silver ions during the redox reaction.
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">What ultimately controls chemical reactivity?

__Answers__

 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The reflective coin surface immediately turns dark. with time, shiny crystals form on the surface and the solution turns a light blue. underneath the crystals the rough coin surface shows that some copper metal has dissolved.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">ions are tend to leave or gain from another part of the surface.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">at the surface silver ions gain one electron each to become silver atoms. since they are now neutral, they stay on the surface. ifs there is now less electron cloud into metal structure, one copper(II) ion pulled out by some water molecules. One copper(II) ion leaves for every two silver atoms that form on the surface. the silver atoms tend to build up on parts of the copper surface, and the copper(II) ion tend to leave from another part of the surface.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">reduction is ion gaining one electron from one of the atoms.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">oxidation is atom leaving two electrons in metal structure, forming a ion.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">reaction copper metal transferred electrons to silver ions producing silver atoms and copper ions for every two electrons last by a copper atom, two silver atom, two silver ions gain one electron each. Redox: Cu+2Ag+ = Cu(2+) + 2Ag
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">silver ions, Ag+, can pull electrons away from copper atoms, Cu. From this you can deduce that Cu(2+) ions cannot pull electrons away from silver atoms.
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">transfer of electrons.

=﻿__B.4 Relative Reactivities Of Metals__=

Clean it and got dry. || Nothing(NR) Got dry and a little bit wet. || Nothing(NR) Got dry and made it lighter, gray and a bit wet, but its black/white stuff is surrounding the magnesium. || Just made it lighter, gray. || turned lighter || Nothing(NR) turned dark black || turn yellow || of the solution. || very black. Something is coming out and surrounding the zinc. || turn black and the liquid brownish and something is coming out of the solution and its surrounding the magnesium. ||
 * || **Copper** || **Zinc** || **Magnesium** ||
 * **Copper(II)nitrate** || Nothing(NR)
 * **Magnesium nitrate** || Nothing(NR) || Nothing(NR) || Nothing(NR)
 * **Zinc nitrate** || Nothing(NR)
 * **Silver nitrate** || Something is coming out


 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Zinc
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Copper
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">None
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Zinc, magnesium and copper.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Zinc is more reactive to acids rather than Copper. Zinc can also melt in your pants if heat and energy is being added when being in contact of your pockets.
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a. Silver would be a better choice because there wasn't a reaction to any of the solutions. Silver is also in other coins and they cant melted off, if it's being left in your pocket. b. it would create a confusion for the other coins since the American's are use to seeing a orange color penny.
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a. Zinc b. Copper
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">a.Yes b. MgNO3 and ZnNO3 can be the ones that we can get rid of. During the experiment, there was almost one to no reaction to any of the metals when it was being tested.

__ Activity Series of Metals Assignment **(Oxidation/Reduction Part I)** __

 * **Describe what happens to the size of the Magnesium atoms as they change into Magnesium ions. Do the same for Zinc.** **Describe what happens when Zn2+(aq) reaction with Mg(s).** **Describe what happens when Mg2+(aq) reacts with Zn(s).**
 * **Describe what is happening for each reaction. Identify if the reaction occurred or if there was No Reaction.**
 * **Identify what happens during each of the prediction spaces.Answer the question at the bottom of the page.Continue to page 4.**
 * **List the elements in order, from top to bottom (most reactive to least reactive), for the Activity Series of Metals.**

__Answers__
> Cu2+ and Zinc, Cu2+ ions reacted with zinc and made Cu atoms. > Mg2+ and Cu, there was no reaction occurred. > Zn2+ and Cu, there was no reaction occurred.
 * Magnesium atoms change into Magnesium ions, the electron cloud shrinks, around them and disappear. When the space inside get small, the atoms gets smaller. Zinc atom change into a Zinc ion,space inside got small, the atoms gets smaller. Zn2+(aq) react with Mg, the ions then it becomes a Zn atom. When Mg2+(aq) reacts with Zn(s), there was no reaction occurred.
 * Cu2+ and Cu, Cu2+ ions reacted with Magnesium and made Cu atoms.
 * I think they will react, except magnesium and zinc.The reaction with Silver ions and Zinc metal, their reactivity will be stronger than the Copper Zinc reactivity.
 * 1. Magnesium 2. Zinc 3. Copper 4. Silver

__ **ChemQuandry 1** __
The gold, silver, and copper, are few that appear as native metals. Some of them, have combined with other elements. They all are largely non-reactive metals that exist in their state, in the nature.

__Building Skills__
1a.from left to right, they go from most reactive to least reactive. 1b. the far left side. 1c. the far right side. 2a. yes 2b. no 2c. because 2a the Fe and lead(II)nitrate,Pb(NO3)2 are more reactive and it wasnt in the same block in the metal activity series. 2b the Pt are in the same block in the metal activity series. 3a. no. 3b. apply and demand.

__Modeling model__
1a. Zn: -> Zn(2+) + 2e- 1b. Ag+: -> Ag(1+) + 1e- 2. reduction is gain of one or more electrons oxidation is loss of one or more electrons Oxidation: Zn: (zinc metal) -> Zn(2+) (zinc(II) ion) + 2e- Ag+: (Silver ion/Silver metal) -> Ag(1+) ( Silver ion) + 1e- Reduction: Zn <- Zn(2+) + 2e- (Zinc metal / Copper(II) ion) Ag: <- Ag(1+) + 1e- (Silver metal / silver ion) 3a. Cu 3b. Ag+ 4. because there are two lost electrons and the Ag+ needed them to replace them. 5a. reducing agent is a substance that chemically reduces other substances. especially by donating an electron or electrons. oxidizing agent is removing electrons from the reactant that is oxidized, in this case Ag+ ions. the reducing agent is copper. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5b. reducing agent is a substance that chemically reduces other substances. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">6. Zn: + Cu2+ > Zn2+ + Cu. period is a dot(.) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7a. Zinc <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">7b. Copper <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">8. oxidizing agent: Copper <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">reducing agent:Zinc <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">9. can be able to tell by which one can be came a ion and which one is an atom. yes, you can be able to answer questions 7 & 8. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10. Zn2+ + Mg > Zn + Mg2+ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">oxidized- Zn <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">reduced- Mg <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">oxidizing agent- Mg <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">reducing agent- Zn

and heated in burner flame || Penny turn into a taco. ||
 * Condition || Appearance ||
 * Untreated Penny || Shiny and gold ||
 * Penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2 || ﻿﻿turned black and dull and silver. ||
 * Penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2

Thursday, May 5th, 2011

Building Skills 1: Hydrocarbon Boiling Points
1a. figure 5: the Hydrocarbon names are order in alphabetically. b. Yes, because you should always have an organized and neat work. 2a. Lowest to highest b. 3. Methane,Ethane,Propane, Butane. 4. Pentane 5. Decane heats faster than Butane and the other substances. Which means decane molecular moves faster than the other hydrocarbon substances.
 * Hydrocarbon || Boiling Points (Degree C) ||
 * Methane || -161.7 ||
 * Ethane || -88.6 ||
 * Propane || -42.1 ||
 * Butane || -0.5 ||
 * Pentane || 36.1 ||
 * Hexane || 68.7 ||
 * Heptane || 98.4 ||
 * Octane || 125.7 ||
 * Nonane || 150.8 ||
 * Decane || 174.0 ||