Hurford


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Parts of the earth assignment Tuesday, January 25, 2011 10:05 AM Iron and nickle 2.Which layer of the Earth is thinnest? crust 3.Which layer of the Earth is the source of all of the materials that we use? crust 4.What is the theory that describes the changes of the earth's surface over time? Plate tectonics 5.Which layer of the Earth is described in question 4? crust 6.Which type of boundary marks the location where two plates move apart from one another? divergent 7.Give an example of a transform boundary.. Pacific plate and the north american plate 8.Define a subduction zone. When a plate moves under one another 9.What causes sea floor spreading? <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">Mid ocean ridges causing new sea floor to form <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">10.Describe the formation of a rift. <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">During divergent boundary the ground doesn’t always break apart in one spot! The rift is caused by two spots bein pulled apart and the ground in the middle stays together and causes a rift.
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">What is the main composition of the Earth's core?

Mineral questions Tuesday, January 25, 2011 10:45 AM <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">Hardness, optical properties, crystal structures <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">Acanthite-Ag2S <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">Alabandite-MnS <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">Amblygonite-(Li, Na)AIPO4(F, OH)
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Identify the 5 essential characteristics of a mineral.
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Must occur naturally
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Must bbe inorganic
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Must be a solid
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Must possess an orderly internal structure, that is, its atoms must be arranged in a definite pattern
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Must have a definite chemical composition that may vary within specified limits
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Identify three properties used to identify minerals.
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Identify three examples of a mineral. Identify the composition of each mineral by the formula of the compound and name of a compound.
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.375in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Once you've completed both assignments copy and paste your work into your personal wiki page.

Life cycle of copper Tuesday, January 25, 2011 11:02 AM 1.What factors make it worthwhile for a mining company to mine in a specific location for a particular ore? Ore is used for copper and iron and in specific locations copper and iron is very important. 2.List and describe the seven steps in the copper cycle. (They are not all listed word-for-word. You will have to use your own description in some instances.) Reduction, molding, electrical use, non electrical, scattered through country, recycled, molded again. 3.Answer questions #1-3 on pp.115-116 (Building Skills 4) 1. Consider the remaining uses of copper listed in Figure 11. For each use, identify those particular properties that make copper an appropriate choice. Its malleable and ductile, also conductive with electrical and thermal, its chemical reactivity is relatively low, corrosion resistance is high, bronze brass is useful alloys that form. 2. a. How would increased recycling of scrap copper affect future availability of this metal? It will make the copper more rare and harder to find. b. Is there a limit to the role copper recycling can play? Why? No copper can always be recycled 3. For each use listed below, describe a technological change that could decrease the demand for copper: a. coins-could be made of different material b. communications-power lines could be a new material c. power generation-power generators could use different metal to get power d. indoor electrical wiring-aluminum. 4.This assignment is due by Wednesday Jan26.

Converting copper Wednesday, January 26, 2011 11:21 AM


 * || mass ||
 * Crucible alone || 4.06g ||
 * Lid alone || 3.67g ||
 * Crucible+lid || 7.73g ||
 * Crucible+copper || 5.08g ||
 * Crucible+lid+copper || 8.73g ||
 * Copper powder before heating || 1.02g ||


 * || mass ||
 * Crucible+copper+lid || 8.74g ||
 * Crucible+copper || 5.06g ||
 * Copper alone || 3.68g ||
 * (The mass of the copper is calculated by comparing the mass of the copper+crucible+lid before and after heating. It would appear that you had a mass increase of 0.1-0.2g increase) **

•a. Physical ** (-2) ** b. because the copper's color changed from shiny and metallic copper how its Grey. 2.a. When the Iid was taken off the copper turned into rainbow then back to a grey b.yes because more mass was added, so nothing left the crucible 3.a the mass went up b-oxygen ** (what about the oxygen? How did it play a role in this reaction?) (-1) **

Penny, ions questions. Thursday, January 27, 2011 10:02 AM 1. Describe what happens to the penny when it is placed in the sliver nitrate solution. The coins surface turns immediately dark 2. Describe how ions in solution play a role in chemical reactivity The ions gain electrons to help make the solution 3. Explain, in detail, why this is happening? Because copper ions gain electrons and form atoms on the surface of the penny 4. Define Oxidation. Atom leaving two electrons in a structure 5. Define Reduction. A ion gaining an electron 6. Explain what happens to the copper atoms during the redox reaction. For every two electrons lost by a copper atom two silver ions gain one electron each. 7. Explain what happens to the silver ions during the redox reaction Gain one electron each. 8. What ultimately controls chemical reactivity? valene electrons.

**METAL REACTIVITY**

Friday, January 28, 2011 10:44 AM 1. Which metal reacted with the most solutions? zinc 2. Which metal reacted with the fewest solutions? copper 3. With which of the solutions (if any) would you expect silver metal to react, if it were available to be tested? Zinc because it has the same characteristics as silver 4. List the metals (including silver) in order, placing the most reactive metal first (the one reacting with the most solutions) and the least reactive metal last (the one reacting with the fewest solutions). Magnesium, zinc, copper 5. Refer to your “metal activity series” list in Question 4. Write a brief explanation of why the outside surface of a penny is made of copper instead of zinc. Because zinc is more reactive 6. a. Which of the four metals mentioned in this laboratory activity might be an even better choice than copper for the outside surface of a penny? Why? Silver, because its less reactive of all b. Why do you think that metal is not used for that purpose? It is very reactive 7. Given your new knowledge about the relative chemical activities ofthese four metals, a. which metal is most likely to be found in an uncombined, or “free,” (metallic) state in nature? Copper, least reactive b. which metal is least likely to be found chemically uncombined with other elements? magnesium Figure 15 These stone, bronze, and iron tools represent three major ages of civilization. 120 Unit 2 Materials: Structure and Uses 8. Reconsider your experimental design for this activity. a. Would it have been possible to eliminate one or more of the metal-solution combinations and still obtain all information needed to create chemical activity ratings for the metals? yes b. If so, which combination(s) could have been eliminated? Why? the ones that are the same because they will never react.


 * || CuNo3 || AgNo3 || MgNo3 || ZnNo3 ||  ||
 * Cu || No reaction || Turned the copper black || Made copper lose luster || No reaction ||  ||
 * Mg || Turned black, looks like it was burned || Turned black || No reaction || Made it more shiny ||  ||
 * Zn || Turned black || Turned black || No reaction || No reaction ||  ||

**Activity Series of Metals** Describe what happens to the size of the Magnesium atoms as they change into Magnesium ions. Do the same for Zinc. gets smaller, zinc also gets smaller Describe what happens when Zn2+(aq) reaction with Mg(s). one Zn2+ is added and one Mg(s) is taken Describe what happens when Mg2+(aq) reacts with Zn(s). the Mg does not react with the Zn 6. Go to page 2. Click the ? in the table. Watch the video for each reaction. Describe what is happening for each reaction. Identify if the reaction occurred or if there was No Reaction. Zn and Cu have no reaction neither does Mg and Cu. Cu2+ and Mg react with 2 ions of Cu reacting with two ions of Mg2+. The same for Cu2+ and Zn. 7. Go to page 3. You should recognize this table from the reactions in the laboratory. Identify what happens during each of the prediction spaces.Answer the question at the bottom of the page.Continue to page 4. Ag+ and Mg will not react. Ag+ and Zn will react. Zn2+ and Ag will react Mg2+ and Ag will not.they are not vry reactive. 8. Now go to page 5. List the elements in order, from top to bottom (most reactive to least reactive), for the Activity Series of Metals. Go to page 6. Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag. 9. Make sure that all answers are put into your wikispaces page. Label this section Activity Series of Metals

DISCOVERY OF METALS fChemQuandary 1 Copper, gold, and silver are far from being the most abundant metals on Earth. Aluminum, iron, and calcium, for example, are all much more plentiful. Why, then, were copper, gold, and silver among the first metallic elements discovered? these elements are in rural areas! they were found in places where people wanted to be and where people were at. copper when melted reacts with the air and produces a black smoke! that could of helped when finding copper. also these metals are more reactive.

TRENDS IN METAL ACTIVITY f Building Skills 5 Use the table in Figure 16 and the Periodic Table (page 104) to answer the following questions. 1. a. What trend in metallic reactivity is found from left to right across a horizontal row (period) of the Periodic Table? (Hint: Compare the reactivities of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum.) Na, Mg, Al. metal reactivity goes down/ decreases. b. In which part of the Periodic Table are the most-reactive metals found? left of periodic table alkali metals 1 column c. Which part of the Periodic Table contains the least-reactive metals? transition on far right side 2. a. Will iron (Fe) metal react with a solution of lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2? yes there will be 1+ left b. Will platinum (Pt) metal react with a lead(II) nitrate solution? no they will cancell out and not react leads more reactive c. Explain your answers to Questions 2a and 2b. Fe has 1 electron and No3 has 2 so there is one left.pt and lead have the same amount and will not react 3. Use specific examples from the activity series in your answers to these two questions:

a. Are least-reactive metals also the cheapest metals? no some r very rare and expensive. b. If not, what other factor(s) might influence the market value of a metal? the shape rarety color the size and design.long lasting supply and demand

MODELING MATTER

1. A-Zn2+ + 2e- B-Ag+ + 1e- 2.oxidation- loss of one or more electrons. Reduction- gain of one or more electron.

3. Cu is oxidized Ag+ is reduced. 4. Cu has 2 electrons and to get them even because Ag only has 1 electron available to give.

5.A- Ag+ B-an agent that gains one or more electrons.

6. Zn(s) + Cu2+(Ag) ===> Zn2+ (Ag) + Cu (s) Cu: Zn+ + Zn+ > Cu: Zn+ + Zn+ 7. A- Zn is oxidized B- Cu is reduced 8.Zn is oxidized agent Cu is the reduced agent 9. showing how many electrons were given and received. 10.Zn is the reduced reducing agent. Mg is the oxidized oxidation agent.

the black copper turned copper color again.. Hcl turned yellow - the zinc reacted right away when it was put in Hcl - bubbled;fizzed
 * || 1st mass || 2nd mass ||
 * filter paper || 0.70g || 0.71g ||
 * filter+copper ||  ||   ||
 * solid copper ||  ||   ||

READING QUESTIONARE

1. renewable source is a source that can be used more than 1 time ans is never gonna go away. non renewable source is used 1 time and cannot be used again! r- paper, trees nr- oil, gas

2. because the amount they have may be running out till time brings more. no a resource cannot run out! there will always be recources.

3. it can be as low as 1% and up to 30%.

4. identifying resource saving strategies .. source reduction-decreasing the amount of resources used. , replace a resource by finding substitute materials with similar properties.

5. recycling can put fumes in the air and sometimes put chemicals in the ground. the recycling plant heats and melts the plastic and other recyclables and put the bad chemicals away and uses the good for the new product. also puts the chemicals from burning in air.

6. 4lbs a day

7. when product is no loner useful people could throw away and not recycle. or it can be put in the air like gas and oil! the engine burns it all up and puts it n the air.

8. plastic and paper or canned goods that cld be melted down and used as heat energy.

9. landfills recycle and combustion for energy.

10. paper, 83.8 million tons

11.wood, 11.6 million tons

12. there is .6 million tons of a difference before then after recycling.

13. 61.3% waste 47.7% recycled 217-156.3=061.3% 100-61.3=47.7%

14.


 * STRIKING IT RICH LAB**

heated in burner flame
 * CONDITION || APEARANCE ||
 * untreated penny || Bronze shinney,round, ||
 * penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2 || grey, bubbles on it,silver like a nickle ||
 * penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2 and

Hot plate || turned gold with some silver.

bubbles, silver, shiney || Zinc 2.02g=8zinc Zinc and znCl2 on the hot plate (3 pennies inside for 15 minutes with zinc on pennies) 1. A- control is a copper color heated not in chloride solutioon is a goldish yellowish color and in the chloride solution the pennies turned grey silverish. (Didn't the penny that was heated in the zinc solution and then heated on the hot plate the gold one?) -1 B-yes, zincc because they turned a silvery color (But didn't the one coin treated in the zinc chloride appear to be "silver"? Didn't the hot plate penny appear to be "gold"?) -1
 * LAB QUESTIONS**

2. find out how rare or real the metal was by doing the same experiment we just did (What does the law of conservation of matter say about this?) -2

3. fashion, buisness, and science to find out the type of metal restaurant, construction, (More specific. What about jewelry? What about silver wear?) -2 4. A-they mixed with the zinc when heated. B-yes, with heat and water the coins go back to copper color. (Why water? How is water going to remove the brass? What about scratching or using an acid like you did in the Retrieving Copper lab?) -2

Building skills 1, Hydrocarbon Boiling Points

1.A- they are organized in a alphabetical pattern by the names of the hydrocarbon.

B- no, because the boiling points are not in order so to have some organization you need some type of pattern with the boiling point.

2. A- a more useful way would maybe be to go from least to greatest in the poiling point.

B.methane,ethane,propane,butane,pentane,hexane,heptane,octane,nonane,decane

3. 6, decane,heptane,hexane,nonane,octane,pentane 4. pentane 5. their boiling point has a very different temperature rate.decane has 10 compaired to 8 so shorter molecules are stronger than longer which the longer is decane.

-161.7 -88.6 -42.1 -0.5 36.1 68.7 98.4 125.7 150.8 174.0