Garlock

Parts of Earth Assignment 1.) What is the main composition of the Earth's core? Nickel and Iron 2.) Which layer of the Earth is thinnest? The crust 3.) Which layer of the Earth is the source of all of the materials that we use? The Lithosphere. 4.) What is the theory that describes the changes of the earth's surface over time?plate tech 5.) Which layer of the Earth is described in question 4? Lithosphere. 6.)Which type of boundary marks the location where two plates move apart from one another? Divergent Boundry 7.)Give an example of a transform boundary. An example of a transform boundry is Pacific plate and North American in California. 8.) Define a subduction zone. "Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or subducted, beneath the lighter and thicker continental crust."(Web Definition.) Oceanic crust is thinner than Continental crust so the oceanic crust 9.) What causes sea floor spreading? Divergent Boundaries cause seafloor spreading. 10.) Describe the formation of a rift. A rift forms when 2 plates diverge.

=** What are Minerals? **=


 * 1.) Identify the 5 essential characteristics of a mineral **


 * It must occur naturally.
 * It must be inorganic
 * It must be a solid
 * It must possess an orderly internal structure, that is, its atoms must be arranged in a definite pattern.
 * It must have a definite chemical composition that may vary within specified limits."


 * 2.) Identify three properties used to identify minerals. **
 * Hardness
 * Optical Properties
 * Crystal Structure


 * 3.) Identify three examples a mineral. Identify the composition of each mineral by the formula of the compound and name of a compound. **
 * Flourite CaF2 Calcium and Fluorine. Calcium Fluorite.
 * Lead. Is most common in the ore sulfide galena PbS
 * Ruby. Made of the mineral corundum which is aluminum oxide Al2O3

=**Building Skills 4**=

b.) Yes there is a limited role it can play because copper can only be used for certain things it will not be available to use for certain needs.
 * 1) What factors make it worthwhile for a mining company to mine in a specific location for a particular ore?
 * How much useful ore is at the site
 * Amount of metal in the ore
 * Type of mining needed to extract the metal from that ore
 * Distance of the mine from metal refining facilities and markets
 * Metals supply versus demand status.
 * 1) List and describe the seven steps in the copper cycle. (They are not all listed word-for-word. You will have to use your own description in some instances.)
 * 2) Copper is mined
 * 3) Reduction
 * 4) Copper Metal (molten)
 * 5) Molding Casting
 * 6) Used for electrical and non electrical uses
 * 7) Scattered throughout the country or
 * 8) Recycled Copper
 * 9) Answer questions #1-3 on pp.115-116 (Building Skills 4)
 * 10) Copper is an appropriate choice for these uses. Copper is a metal and is conductive and would work well with Electrical like motors and house wiring. It would also be good for nonelectrical like plumbing and coins etc.. Because it again is a metal and would work well for making coins and piped for plumbing.
 * 11) a.) If recycling of scrap copper was increased the availibility of scrap copper would increase.

b.) Could lower the demand for copper by using silver as a conductor this will reduce demand for copper and silver is a better conductor c.) Silver is also another good use for this because it has higher conductivity and is ductile so would be a great replacement for copper to reduce the demand of copper. d.) This is the same thing as for the communications. House wiring uses a lot of copper wiring so instead of using so much copper wiring you could start to use other metals like silver or steel these are also 2 that are used often as wiring.
 * 1) a.) Perhaps the use of digital currency

**Lab Questions** **No data table -10**
 * 1) Changes that I noticed were chemical
 * 2) What I noticed was the color of the copper changed. Color change is a sign of chemical reaction
 * 3) The changes I observed was the copper changed color and it started to harden and stiffen which is why we had to stir it so often
 * 4) Yes because it is still copper it is just not the original color
 * 5) The mass of the crucible increased
 * 6) It increases because it reacting with the oxygen in the air and producing copper oxide.

**B.3 - Metal Reactivity** Go to the [|W.H. Freeman ChemcCom Website].  Follow the links Unit 2 > Section B > Copper Redox Reaction. Answer the following questions about these six pages.


 * 1) Describe what happens to the penny when it is placed in the sliver nitrate solution.
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">The penny turns dark and looks like crystals start to form and the some of the copper looks as if it starts to dissolve
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Describe how ions in solution play a role in chemical reactivity
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Ions play a role in chemical reactivity because they gain electrons causing the reaction
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Explain, in detail, why this is happening,
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">At the surface silver ions gain one electron each to become silver atoms, now they are neutral so they stay on the surface. Now there is less electron cloud in the surface. A copper(II) ion Is pulled out by water molecules. One copper(II) ion leaves for every two silver atoms that are formed on the surface.
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Define Oxidation.
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">The copper atom leaves its two electrons in the metal structure creating a copper(II) ion
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Define Reduction.
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">It is reduction when a silver ion gains an electron from a copper atom
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Explain what happens to the copper atoms during the redox reaction.
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">The copper atoms lose electrons
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Explain what happens to the silver ions during the redox reaction.
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Two silver ions will gain one electron each for every two electrons lost by a copper atom
 * 1) <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;"> What ultimately controls chemical reactivity? The collision of two compounds in a certain orientation.

to corrode || none || none ||
 * ||  || CuNo3 || AgNo3 || MgNO3 || ZaNO3 ||
 * || mg || none || bubbling || none || none ||
 * || cu || turned black started to corrode || black and corrode/flakes || none || bubbling ||
 * || zn || black and corrodes || lager reaction then rest all of it turns black and starts
 * || ag || none || none || none || none ||
 * Mg || Shiny metallic ||
 * Cu || shiny metallic ||
 * Zn || Dull not as shiny ||

**Relative Reactivities of Metals Lab questions.** 1.) Mg 2.) Ag  3.)None of them.  4.)Mg, Zn, Cu, Ag. 5.)The outside is copper because copper does not react well and makes a good metal to put on a coin because you wouldn’t want it reacting if it was in your pocket or hands, Zinc reacts more than copper which is why copper is used. 6.) a.) silver because it did not react with any of the chemicals.  b.) Silver is not used because it is an expensive metal and would probably cost a lot more to make coins with this metal than silver. 7.) a.) Silver would be most likely because it would most likely not react with anything and stay just Ag b.)Mg would more than likely be found combined with other elements because it was proven to e highly reactive.  8.)Yes you could have eliminated one and still have basically the same information. b.)You could have eliminated MgNO3 because it did not react with any of the metals.

**Activity Series of Metals Assignment** (Oxidation/Reduction Part I)
1. a. Mg is surrounded by a two-electron cloud b. Zn is also surrounded by a two-electron cloud. c. Zn2+ ions rise on top of the Mg metal to gain two electrons each to become Zn atoms d. But when Mg2+ ions rise to surface of the Zn metal no reaction occurs. 2. a. Mg2+ and Copper metal = No reaction b. Zn2+ and Copper metal = No reaction c. Cu2+ and Mg metal = Cu2+ ions gain two electrons each to become Cu atoms d.Cu2+ and Zn Metal = Cu2+ ions gain two electrons each to become Cu atoms

3. Ag+ and Mg Reactive. Mg+ ions gain an electron each to become Mg atoms Ag+ and Zn Reactive. Ag+ ions gain an electron each to become Mg atoms Zn2+ and Ag Not Reactive. Mg2+ and Ag Not Reactive.

4. Most reactive to least reactive is Mg Zn Cu Ag

feb7 2011

ChemQuandry 1/Building Skills 5
ChemQuandary: They were probably the first elements to be discovered because they were the first elements to be found by themselves, rather than combined with other elements.

1a - from left to right, they go from most reactive to least reactive. b - on the left side. c - the right side. 2a - The iron will react with the lead nitrate because it is more reactive, and will lose electrons that will go into the lead nitrate solution b - no because the lead nitrate solution is more reactive than the platinum. c - already explained. 3a - yes, the less reactive metals are cheaper, because they require less work to obtain the metal. example: silver and gold can just be found, and you dont have to heat them or do anything to obtain the metal. b -

part 2

1. Construct a similar electron-dot expression for the change that occurred in Lab. B.4 when each of these events took place. a. Zn: --> Zn2+ + 2e- B = Zinc b. Ag: -> Ag+ + e- 00. = silver / 20s •Zip: t + be re _ •spot + At • 2. In the first one it is going through reduction because the negative electrons make the ion become negative. In the second one it is going through oxidation because the silver doesn’t really change. 3a. The copper is oxidized. 3b. The copper 4. So the ion isn't changed. 5a. The reducing agent must be the copper because the silver has to be reduced when the copper is reduced. 5b. The reducing agent is the atom that is needed to keep everything in balance when you are trying to reduce the ions. 6. on +2. Soon 12+7 Co.: in 7. The copper is oxidized. The Zinc is reduced. 8. The oxidizing agent is the zinc. The reducing agent is the copper. 9. You can just look at the equation because it shows you. The electron-dot diagram is if you cannot tell by the equation. 10. There is not enough information in the sequence so you would need to make a diagram.

and heated in burner flame || it had yellowish color to the penny ||
 * Condition || Appearance ||
 * Untreated penny || Copper color with dirt in the divits ||
 * Penny treated with Zn and ZnCl 2 || sliver look to it ||
 * Penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2

HYDROCARBON Building Skills 1 BOILING POINTS

1a) they start with a b and end with a p there went with letter order 1b) no because i would of did it like -0.05 start with the negatives and go down with the positive. 2a) start with the highest negative number there is and start going down to the positive number by putting them in order. 2b) Methane -161.7 Ethane -88.6 Propane -42.1 Butane -0.5 Pentane 36.1 Hexane 68.7 Heptane 98.4 Octane 125.7 Nonane 150.8 Decane 174.0

3) methane propane, butane,ethane 4) pentane 5) butane has low mass and decane has a high mass so one weights heavier then the other so since one weights more it will have a bigger impacted on the forces.