Saunders


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Earth assignment

 * 1)  nickel & iron
 * 2) Crust
 * 3) Crust
 * 4) plate techtonics theory
 * 5) Lithosphere
 * 6) Divergent Boundary.
 * 7) where the oceanic crust goes below the continental crust
 * 8) the plates diverge then pull apart.
 * 9) when a ocean plate collides within continental plates
 * 1) when a ocean plate collides within continental plates

Minerals

It must be inorganic It must be a solid It must possess an orderly internal structure, that is, its atoms must be arranged in a definite pattern. It must have a definite chemical composition that may vary within specified limits." 3. Three minerals are :  amphibole : n Ca2(Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2.
 * 1) It must occur naturally.
 * 1) Abundances of the elements, hardness, and crystal structure.
 * Arsenic : As
 * Augite : (Ca, Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)2O6

copper questions 1.a physical ** (chemical -2) ** because it's Stoll copper ** (Why did the copper change color? How did the heating process change the copper?} ** copper became a bright red indicating they were very we and stuck together. ** (What does this mean? "very we") ** b the copper atoms did remain in the income because The lid was left slightly opened to release pressure. I  Bathe mass decreased  I think the mass decreased because when it reacted  with the oxygen it lost some material. ** (How could this have happened? The Law of Conservation of Matter states that: "matter can be neither created nor destroyed". What does this say about the materials that were in the crucible? Where did they go?) (-2) **

__**Activity Series of Metals Assignment (Oxidation/Reduction Part I)**__ 1,The green cloud disappears. 2. The blue cloud disappears 3, The red and white atoms disappear and the green clouds overcome the blue atom. 4. Same thing except the blue clouds don’t overcome the green atom. Page 2 videos Cu2+ and Cu - The Cu2+ ions reacted with Magnesium. Cu2+ and Zinc - The Cu2+ ions reacted with zinc Mg2+ and Cu - No reaction Zn2+ and Cu - No reaction Page 3 magnesium and zinc. The reaction with Silver ions and Zinc metal will be stronger than the Copper and Zinc reaction. Page 5 Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Silver

ChemQuandry 1/Building Skills 5
1a - from left to right, they go from most reactive to least reactive. b. on the left side. c. the right side. 2.) a. The iron will react with the lead nitrate because it is more reactive, and will lose electrons that will go into the lead nitrate solution b. no because the lead nitrate solution is more reactive than the platinum. c. already explained.

3a. yes, the less reactive metals are cheaper and you dont have to heat them or do anything to obtain the metal

__**MODELING MATTER**__

1a. Zn: --> Zn2+ + 2e- 1b. Ag+ + e- ---> Ag. 2a. Zinc went through reduction and became Zn2+ ion. 2b. The silver ion is oxidized to a metallic silver atom. 3a. Ag+ 3b. Cu 4. Each copper loses two electrons. So the copper atoms are oxidized and the two lost electrons get replaced by two Ag+ ions. 5a. Cu(s) 5b. The atom that givess the electrons in the reaction. 6. Zn.(s) + Cu: (aq) > Zn: (aq) + Cu.(s) 7a. Cu2+ (aq) 7b. Zn(s) 8. Oxidizing agent: Cu2+(aq) Reducing Agent: Zn(s) 9. You could tell by finding out which element was more reactive ; the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent would be the less reactive out of the reaction. 10a. Oxidized: Zn2+(aq) 10b. Reduced: Mg(s) 10c. Oxidizing agent: Zn2+(aq) 10d. Reducing agent: Mg(s)


 * __ Questions #1-21, 23 pp.126-127 __**

1.)a Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere. b. Lithospehere

2.) Atmosphere: Nitrogen & Oxygen Hydrosphere: Water & Some dissolved minerals Lithosphere: Petroleum & metal baring ores

3.) Aluminum, Copper, Iron ore, Lead, Nickel, Silver, Tin, Zinc

4.) In a way because not all resources are renewable.

5.) How easily of difficult its accessed and how the specific ore is to be mined.

6.) Low inventory in that mineral, pure curiousity, necessity

7.) The amount of the ore collected that will be kept and used for its benefits

8.) Because you have to be careful how you process and refine them

9.)

10.) because most metals are likely to oxidation.

11.)A, because its reactive.

12.)a. because they'll react b. 2 Ag(aq) Zn(s) ∫B 2 Ag(s) Zn2(aq)

13.) a. (Au 3+) + (3e-) ---> Au : b. V: --> V2+ 2e- c.Mg: ---> Mg2+ 2e-

14.) a oxidizing b. reducing

15.) a.) Zinc theres more of it b.) Nickel theres less of it c.) (s) is the reducing agent

16.) a.) electricity b.) Heat (smelting) c.) Water

17.) a. pyrometallurgy and hyrdrometallurgy b. all

18.) The reaction will be "diluted" 19.) Low reactivity and no rain 20.) because it wouldn't be necessary and almost impossible. 21.) because copper is renewable.

__**Building Skills 6**__

**2.)** A.) Methane reacts with oxygen B.) + -> +  C.) Reactant Side Product Side 1 carbon atom 1 carbon atom 4 Hydrogen atoms 4 Hydrogen atoms 2 Oxygen atoms 2 Oxygen atoms D.) The equation is balanced 3.) A.) Hydrobromic acid reacts with magnesium metal to form hydrogen gas and Magnesium bromide B.) C.) Reactant Side Product Side 1 Hydrogen atom 2 Hydrogen atoms  1 Bromium atom 2 Bromium atoms  1 Magnesium atom 1 Magnesium atom  D. Not balanced.  +  >  +  4.) A.) Hydrogen sulfide and metallic silver react to form silver sulfide and water B.) C.) Reactant Side Product Side 4 silver atoms 4 silver atoms  8 Hydrogen atoms 8 hydrogen atoms  1 sulfite atom 1 sulfite atom  2 atoms of oxygen 1 oxygen atom  D.) Not balanced 5.) A.) Cellulose reacts with 2 0₂ to form 6 atoms of Carbon dioxide and 5 atoms of water C.) Reactant Side Product Side 6 carbon atoms 6 carbon atoms  10 hydrogen atoms 10 hydrogen atoms  17 Oxygen atoms 17 Oxygen atoms  D.) Balanced equation 6.) A.) 2 atoms of Nitroglycerin react to form N₂, O₂ CO₂ and H₂0 (water) C.) Reactant Side Product Side 6 carbon atoms 6 carbon atoms  10 hydrogen atoms 10 hydrogen atoms  6 Nitrogen atoms 6 nitrogen atoms



** Reading Questionnaire ** ** Section C.6-C.7 pp.145-148 – Conservation in the Community **

1. Renewable resources will eventually be replenished by nature like Water, Nonrenewable resources can not be readily replenished. 2. The atoms won't run out because they can always be made there will just be a low amount. 3. As low as 1% for copper or 0.001% for gold to as high as 30% for aluminum 4.1.) slow down the rate at which the resources are used 2.) replace a resource by finding substitute materials with similar properties, preferably materials from renewable resources. 5. Yes scrap aluminum needs the magnesium processed out nd this process can lead to air pollution 6. 4 lbs 7. Telephones become waste when they're discarded and combined with other materials 8. You can use ceramic oxides 9. Collect used cans, Deliver to aluminum recycling center, Process cans. 10. Before recycling - Paper, 83 million tons. 11. Least - wood 11.6 million tons 12. 217 million tons - 11.6 million tons = 205.4 million tons 13. 38 million tons.

14..

Both diagrams show that the items go through processes

__**Questions to Retrieving copper lab**__
1.a) Because there was only one element. b). Maybe add an acid

2. a) 0 grams b) 0 %

3. a.)Cu + CuCl2 --> Cu2+ + Cl b) i)Cu ii) Cl iii) chloride iiii) Zinc

4.) a the solution turned blue when zinc was added turned black or grayish  B a chemical reaction caused the color change  C zinc replaced copper  5.) a- zinc and chlorine b- zinc was used up and the the chlorine stayed in it

__**D.3 Lab Striking the Rich data table**__


 * < **Condition** ||< **Appearance** ||
 * < Untreated Penny ||< Regular copper color, shiny ||
 * < Penny Treated with Zn and ZnCl2 ||< Turned silver ||
 * < Penny Treated with Zn and ZnCl2 and heated ||< Turned Gold then burned and turned orange ||
 * ==__**Lab Questions**__==

1 a. One was gold one was silver one was normal color b. Yes, because of the change of color 2 . It maybe composed of something other than copper. 3 . Recycling and making other coins. 4 . a. The zinc was added and mixed in. b. No, once the copper is transformed there is no changing back. ||

__**D.6 Copper Plating Lab Questions**__ (Data Table?) -10
1.) The copper

2.) Cu2+ + 2e-

3.) the nail

4.) Fe2+ + 2e- ---> Fe:

5.) yes because the metal has to give off electrons

6.) yes, because you'd need something different than the metal

7.) Nahh because it probably would take too long.

lab questions

 * 1) ==87 nd 100==
 * 2) propanol and water
 * 1) propanol and water

Building Skills 1

 * 1) abc order

b. no because its not organized
2. a. make them from least to greatest b. Ethane - 88.6 Methane - 161.7 Propane - 42.1 Butane - 0.5 Pentane 36.1 Hexane 68.7 Heptane 98.4 Octane 125.7 Nonane 150.8 Decane 174.0

3. butane, methane, propane, ethane 4. Pentane 5. they r very strong