Napier

Parts of the Earth Assignment

 * 1) What is the main composition of the Earth's core?

Iron and Nickel

 * 1) Which layer of the Earth is thinnest?

Lithosphere

 * 1) Which layer of the Earth is the source of all of the materials that we use?

Crust

 * 1) What is the theory that describes the changes of the earth's surface over time?

Plate Techtonics

 * 1) Which layer of the Earth is described in question 4?

Crust

 * 1) Which type of boundary marks the location where two plates move apart from one another?

Divergent Boundary

 * 1) Give an example of a transform boundary..

Scotia and South American plate

 * 1) Define a subduction zone.

A zone where plates overlapping usually occurs

 * 1) What causes sea floor spreading?

Continental Drift

 * 1) Describe the formation of a rift.

Mineral Questions
Its atoms must be arranged in a definite pattern. It has to have a definite chemical composition.
 * 1) It must to occur naturally, be inorganic and be a solid
 * 1) The hardness, crystal structure and optical properties.
 * 2) Acanthite Ag2S compound of silver, Actinolite Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 sillicate, Adamite Zn2AsO4(OH) compund of zinc and arsenic.

What is the main composition of the Earth's core?
Building Skills 4 1. Copper is malleable and re-usable if melted. 2. Increased recycling of copper would keep it available for a while longer but it would eventually be gone, because it can be burned to an unusable state. 3. a.Coins made of Nickel b.

B.3 Metal reactivity 1. Describe what happens to the penny when it is placed in the sliver nitrate solution. The Penny becomes coated in dark crystals 2. Describe how ions in solution play a role in chemical reactivity They coat the penny in a silver substance 3. Explain, in detail, why this is happening, They react positively and negatively with the material submerged in the solution 4. Define Oxidation. The process of oxidizing 5. Define Reduction. The act of reducing 6. Explain what happens to the copper atoms during the redox reaction. They expand and change to a silver color 7. Explain what happens to the silver ions during the redox reaction. They surround the penny and become visible 8. What ultimately controls chemical reactivity? The reaction of ions

B.4 Lab Questions

1. Which metal reacted with the most solutions? Zinc 2. Which metal reacted with the fewest solutions? Copper 3. With which of the solutions (if any) would you expect silver metal to react, if it were available to be tested? I would expect silver metal to react with CuNO3 4. List the metals (including silver) in order, placing the most reactive metal first (the one reacting with the most solutions) and the least reactive metal last (the one reacting with the fewest solutions). Magnesium, Zinc, Silver, Copper 5. Refer to your “metal activity series” list in Question 4. Write a brief explanation of why the outside surface of a penny is made of copper instead of zinc. It's made of copper, because copper reacts with the least amount of substances 6. a. Which of the four metals mentioned in this laboratory activity might be an even better choice than copper for the outside surface of a penny? Why? Magnesium, because it reacts similarly to copper

b. Why do you think that metal is not used for that purpose? I think it's not used, because it is more reactive than copper in a sense 7. Given your new knowledge about the rehttp://chemcomp4.wikispaces.com/NapierThelative chemical activities of these four metals, a. which metal is most likely to be found in an uncombined, or “free,” (metallic) state in nature? Copper b. which metal is least likely to be found chemically uncombined with other elements? Zinc

Describe what happens to the size of the Magnesium atoms as they change into Magnesium ions. Do the same for Zinc. Describe what happens when Zn2+(aq) reaction with Mg(s). Describe what happens when Mg2+(aq) reacts with Zn(s). 1. The Magnesium atoms become larger when they interact with Cu2+ 2. The Zinc atoms stay the same in size, because they do not react. 3. The Zinc is repelled

ChemQuandary Question

Gold and Silver were among some of the first metals discovered, because they are non reactive and don't combine with anything

Building Skills 5

1. a. What trend in metallic reactivity is found from left to right across a horizontal row (period) of the Periodic Table? (Hint: Compare the reactivities of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum.) The reactivity of the metals goes down from right to left b. In which part of the Periodic Table are the most-reactive metals found? In the Alkali Metals c. Which part of the Periodic Table contains the least-reactive metals? The transition Metals 2. a. Will iron (Fe) metal react with a solution of lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2? Yes b. Will platinum (Pt) metal react with a lead(II) nitrate solution? No c. Explain your answers to Questions 2a and 2b Iron would react with lead, because

ChemQuandary 1/Building Skills 5 1. a. What trend in metallic reactivity is found from left to right across a horizontal row (period) of the Periodic Table? (Hint: Compare the reactivities of sodium, magnesium, and aluminum.) The reactivity of the metals goes down from right to left b. In which part of the Periodic Table are the most-reactive metals found? In the Alkali Metals c. Which part of the Periodic Table contains the least-reactive metals? The transition Metals 2. a. Will iron (Fe) metal react with a solution of lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2? Yes b. Will platinum (Pt) metal react with a lead(II) nitrate solution? No Explain your answers to Questions 2a and 2b Iron would react with lead, because Transition Metals react with nitrate substances 3. Use specific examples from the activity series in your answers to these two questions: a. Are least-reactive metals also the cheapest metals? No b. If not, what other factor(s) might influence the market value of a  metal? How rare they are to find compared to other valuable metals

Modeling Matter

1a. Zn --> Zn2 + 2e 1b. Ag+ --> Ag + e 2. Zn --> Zn2 + 2e (oxidation - Zn gained oxygen) Ag+ --> Ag + e (reduction - Ag lost oxygen) 3a. Cu (oxidized) 3b. Ag+ (reduction) 4. Ag+ and Cu in the equation share the electrons 5a. Cu 5b. It has no electrons 6. Zn2 --> Cu2 + 2e 7a. Zn 7b. Cu2 8. Cu2 (oxidizing) Zn (reducing)

Section Summary pg. 126-127

1a. Mantle Crust Core 1b. Crust 2. Nickel Iron 3.United States 4.Yes The amount of wealth tends to result in less resources 5. How much is charged to mine the resource from that site. 6. Gold is a replenishable resource 7. The ore with the least amount of imperfections 8. They have a decreased melting point, and increased density 9. Copper, because it is the most unreactive to chemicals 10. Minerals combine to make a metallic element 11. Equation A is most likely to occur, because Ag has 2 electrons to give 12. Lead sticks to metal 13a. Au --> +e 13b. V --> V2 + e 13c. Mg --> Mg + 2e 14a. reduction 14b. oxidation 14c. oxidation 15a. Ni was oxidized, because it lost electrons 15b. Zn was reduced, because it gained electrons 15c. Ni is the reducing agent 16a. Electrometallurgy uses electric currents to supply electrons 16b. Pyrometallurgy involves treating ores by heat 16c. Hydrometallurgy supplies electrons with water solution 17a. Pyrometallurgy 17b. Hydrometallurgy 18. Coating the more active metal with the less active metal 19. The density of the gold 21. Gold in sea water is probably more reactive to chemicals than other gold 23. Yes, because more reactive metals are on the left


 * Building Skills 8**

1. 1 mol N = 14g N Nitrogen 2. 2 mol N x 14g = 28g N2 3. 1 mol Na x __22.99g__ Na= 22g 2 mol Cl x 34g 1 mol Na 56g NaCl Table salt 4. 12 mol C x 12.01g = 144g 22 mol H x 2g = 44g 11 mol O x 16g = 176g 364g C12H22O11 Malachite 5. 1 mol Cu x 29g = 48g 1 mol Fe x 26g = 52g 2 mol S x 16g = 32g 132g CuFeS2 Chalcopyrite 6. 3 mol Cu x 29g = 87g 2 mol C x 12.01 = 24g 6 mol O x 16g = 96g


 * Reading Questionnaire Section C.6-C.7**

1. Renewable resources can be obtained without the risk of it becoming unavailable overtime. Nonrenewable resources are limited and can become scarce. 2. Resources that are non-renewable take an extremely long time to return to the environment. Resources can never really run out. 3. The abundance of the metal ore, and it's chemical activity 4. Recycling,


 * Section Summary**

1a. Matter cannot be created or destroyed 1b. Scientific law never changes 2a. 1 H 2 1 Sn 1 1 F 2 2b. 1 Si 1 2 O 1 1 C 2 3. Chemicals aren't thrown away or used up, they just change states. 4a.2mol O x 16.00g/1mol O = 32g 4c.8mol C x 12.01g C/1mol C = 96.08g C 4d. 6a. 5 Ca 5 4 H 4 6b. 8 W 8 8 H 8 6c. 2PbS+3O2-->2PbO+4SO2 7a. 2Na2 1S1 4O4 1S1 1Cl1 2K2 7b. yes the atom inventory is even on both sides 8a. 87.5% 8b. 13.2% 8c. 20% 9a. 68.5% Pb in PbSO4 9b. 10% PbSO4 in the ore 10. Reusing is using something in its current state, recycling is restoring something to a useful state. 11a. Water, Solar, Glass, Plastic 11b. Coal, 12a. reusing 12b. recycling 12c. reusing 13. Site C 14a. Earths atmosphere holds oxygen like a space station 14b. 15. More resources could be reused instead of having to mine more materials or resources, it's better for the earth 17. There are more aluminum ores in aluminum cans than there is in clay. 18.


 * Lab Questions**

1a. untreated stayed the same color, heated zinc turned silver, and flamed turned gold 1b. yes they appear o be made of silver and gold 2. the properties of a penny don't change from heat therefore a new metal cannot be formed 3. metal extraction from a metal compound 4a. they became extremely hot and changed chemical property 4b. yes, soak them in copper chloride


 * Reviewing concepts**

1.Allotropes are two or more forms of an element that have distinctly different physical or chemical properties. 2.Graphite and diamond are both allotropes of carbon. Graphite is a soft black solid while diamond is a hard, clear, and has one of the highest melting points. 3.They all have very different atomic arrangements. The way the allotropes are setup is unique for all 3 substances. 4.An alloy is a solid combination of atoms of two or more metals. 5.Steel and brass. 6.An alloy can have better properties like strength and tensile, unlike a pure metal. 7.Semiconductors are located by the metalloids. It depends on the substance. If it enhances its semiconductor properties then yes. 8.Copper coating on a zinc penny protects it from corrosion, powder coating is used on bicycles to have long lasting visual effects, paint is used on wood surfaces for color. 9.Metal bumpers on trucks are electroplated to protect against rust. 10.Coins are plated with nickel to protect against corrosion. 11.The purpose in which they are used in is unique for each. 12.No because the plating is bonded through a metallic bond so if it is already rusted it won’t bond to the bumper. 13.Coating can be either physical or chemical. 14.Plating is a chemical change because electrons are added from a power source. Films is a physical change 15.Lithium, Potassium, Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, and Aluminum because an electric current is needed to obtain the metal. 15a. Ceramics can operate at high temperatures 15b. Plastic doesn’t rust 15c. Optical fibers run electric current faster. 16. 1.

1a. 1b. No, doesn't give the boiling point in numerical order 2a. least to greatest 2b. Methane -161.7 Ethane -88.6 Propane -42.1 Butane -0.5 Pentane 36.1 Hexane 68.7 Heptane 98.4 Octane 125.7 Nonane 150.8 Decane 174.0 3. Butane, Methane, Propane, Ethane 4. Pentane 5. Intermolecular force of Butane is weaker than the force of Methane.

2a. First Distillate 82 degrees Second Distillate 103 degrees 2b. they match exactly 3. first-propanol second-water 4a.mean 85 degrees (mean of water? mode for propanol or water? -1.5) 4b. every team had the hotplates at a different temperature (Do you mean a different "rate" of temperature change? -1) 5. Distillate 1 (explain? -1) 6. pour a reactive chemical down the flask (reactive to what? -2) 7. Acetone, because it has 3 substances with a big range difference in boiling points. (what about cyclohexane and propanol? Aren't the b.p.'s very close in value? - 1) 8a. there would be 3 plateaus, they would be around 86, 102 degrees (why only three? Aren't there four in the mixture? What does that look like?) 8b) ? (-4)
 * Lab Questions A.2 (31.5/42) **

1. a-92.0C b-98.4C c-79.2C 3a. They have the same umber of carbon and hydrogen atoms. It has a lower boiling point than the first and second isomers, and a higher boiling point than the third isomer. 3b. It has a lower boiling point than the first and second isomers, and a higher boiling point than the third isomer. 4. The longer isomers tend to have higher boiling points than the shorter isomers that branch. The longer isomers have more connections.
 * Building skills 3**